Chryseobacteria can also colonize patients via contaminated medical devices such as respirators, intubation tubes, humidifiers. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, nonfermenting gramnegative bacillus. Six cases have been recorded in europe, 2 in australia, and a single case in the united states. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica international journal of infection. Chryseobacterium species is an uncommon human pathogen although recovered from various sources in the hospital environment.
Chryseobacterium flavobacterium meningosepticum outbreak. An emerging pathogen causing meningitis in a hospitalized adult trauma patient. Two gramnegative, yellowpigmented bacteria designated psd14t and pha34t, isolated from two sanddune plant species inhabiting coastal areas in taean, korea, were subjected to taxonomic investigation. Clinical strains of chryseobacterium and elizabethkingia spp. In vitro activities of cefepime and cefpirome against 96 isolates of chryseobacterium indologenes and 21 of c. The most active antimicrobials were the newer quinolones garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin, each with a mic at which 90 percent of the isolates are inhibited mic90 of 1 micro gml and 98. We report a second case in the united states in a patient with metastatic breast cancer who, while on chemotherapy, developed a bacteremia due. There have been an increasing number of infections in fish associated with different species of chryseobacterium, being considered potentially emerging pathogens. Elizabethkingia species from chryseobacterium indologenes the most common species causing human disease in this genus is by the lack of a yellow pigment in culture see table. We report here a case of chryseobacterium meningosepticum bacteremia in a diabetic nephropathy patient on hemodialysis. The highest chryseobacterium prevalence was detected among the elderly. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is the most pathogenic member of the genus. Chryseobacterium form typical yelloworange color colonies due to flexirubintype pigment.
Nevertheless the knowledge of the diversity of species associated with fish disease is partial due to the problems for a correct identification at the species level based exclusively on phenotypic laboratory methods. Elizabethkingia meningosepticum nursing ceu ceufast. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a lactosenonfermenting gramnegative bacilli ubiquitously found in the natural and hospital environment. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum bacteremia in diabetic. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, previously known as chryseobacterium meningosepticum, is a gramnegative bacillus that is widely distributed in nature. We present the case of a patient with endstage renal disease who developed purulent pericarditis with c meningosepticum infection, which rapidly evolved into cardiac. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, formerly chryseobacterium meningosepticum, is the most important pathogen. List the appropriate media for cultivation of the organisms listed, particularly e. Previously known as chryseobacterium meningosepticum, and prior to this, flavobacterium meningosepticum hardy organism found in water, soilubiquitous in hospital environments.
Overall, cefepime was more active than cefpirome against c. Pdf chryseobacterium meningosepticum bacteremia in diabetic. Septic shock caused by elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Clinical and microbiological analysis of bloodstream infections. Most frequently associated with neonatal meningitis 3,4, the organism also has been described in. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteremia in a neonate. Immunocompromised individuals are particularly at increased risk for developing severe infections due to e. Chryseobacterium indologenes is a nonlactosefermenting, gramnegative, health careassociated pathogen hcap. Susceptibilities of chryseobacterium indologenes and. First isolation and characterization of chryseobacterium. Lower respiratory tract 52% and blood 46% were the major sites.
On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis results, it is evident that each of these strains represents a novel species of chryseobacterium, for which the names chryseobacterium soldanellicola sp. Chryseobacterium indologenes, a nonmotile gramnegative rod, though widely distributed in nature, is an uncommon human pathogen. Chryseobacterium indologenes is an uncommon human pathogen. Pdf elizabethkingia meningosepticum chryseobacterium. It may be normally present in fish and frogs but is not normally present in the human microflora. Elizabethkingia meningosepticum chryseobacterium core. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, formerly known as flavobacterium meningosepticum and cdc iia, is a gramnegative rod widely distributed in nature. Endocarditis due to chryseobacterium meningosepticum k bomb, a arora, n trehan abstract chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a gram negative rod widely distributed in nature. King who isolated kingella in 1960, was studying unclassified pediatricmeningitis associated bacteria at the.
Suspected colonies were then identified using manual or automated. For reasons that are explained in the section phylogeny, the splitting of the genus chryseobacterium was proposed very recently kim et al. Describe the general characteristics of the organisms discussed in this chapter. Members of the genus chryseobacterium are widely distributed in various. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a ubiquitous gramnegative bacillus historically associated primarily with meningitis. It is ubiquitously found in soil and water and it has also been recovered from hospital. A 11 year female child, from southasia of indian origin presented with fever, pain and swelling in right leg for 3 days with no significant past history. The genus contains more than 100 described species from diverse habitats, including freshwater sources, soil, marine fish, and human hosts. Apr 12, 2016 we report for the first time a case of community acquired chryseobacterium indologenes soft tissue infection in an immunocompetent patient. Currently, 36 species are included in the genus, but not all have yet been.
We present a case of ventilatorassociated pneumonia caused by c. Chapter 24 chryseobacterium, sphingobacterium, and similar organisms objectives 1. The pathogen causes meningitis in premature and newborn infants and pneumonia, endocarditis, postoperative bacteremia, and meningitis usually associated with severe underlying illness in adults 47. Outbreaks usually extend over a period of a few weeks 15, 16, although they may last longer 14, 17, and this was the case in the present study. Chryseobacterium indologenes an overview sciencedirect topics. Chryseobacterium indologenes an overview sciencedirect. Reported infections include bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, myositis, keratitis, and indwelling devices. Identify the normal habitat and the routes of transmission for the organisms. Chryseobacterium flavobacterium meningosepticum outbreak associated with colonization of water taps in a neonatal intensive care unit. Chryseobacterium indologenes is nonmotile, oxidase, and indole positive gramnegative aerobic bacilli which is widely found in plants, soil, foodstuffs, and water.
The genus contains more than 100 described species from diverse habitats, including freshwater sources, soil, marine. It is widely distributed in the environment, yet also an acknowledged opportunistic human pathogen. Elizabethkingia meningosepticum chryseobacterium meningosepticum infections in children. Antimicrobial susceptibility data on chryseobacterium spp. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, previously known as chryseobacterium meningosepticum, is a nonfermenting, oxidasepositive, nonmotile, gramnegative aerobic bacillus. Chryseobacterium indologenes are aerobic, gram negative, nonfermentative rods that are intrinsically multidrug resistant. A chryseobacterium meningosepticum outbreak observed in 3 clusters involving both neonatal and nonneonatal pediatric patients. Waterborne elizabethkingia meningoseptica in adult. It can colonize hospital environment due to ability to survive in chlorinetreated water supplies. As an agent of neonatal meningitis, it reportedly demonstrates mortality rates of up to 57% and produces severe postinfection sequelae including hydrocephalus, deafness, and developmental delay. Successful management of elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Antibioticresistant pathogens and nosocomial infections constitute common and serious problems for neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units worldwide.
The newly classified and renamed elizabethkingia, chryseobacterium and myroides genera were originally included among the different species that belong to the genus flavobacterium. Although most commercial identification systems still include c. Emerging chryseobacterium indologenes infection in. Zambrano, michael costello, janet havel, joel price, susan i. Bacteremia due to elizabethkingia meningoseptica sciencedirect. Most infections have been detected in hospitalized patients with severe underlying diseases and who had indwelling devices or implants. Chryseobacterium indologenes and chryseobacterium gleum are human pathogens and are former members of the genus flavobacterium vandamme et al. A collection of eight clinical strains from belgian hospitals and three clinical strains of the ccug collection were characterized biochemically as being similar to cdc groups iih and iic. Pdf chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a ubiquitous gramnegative bacillus historically associated primarily with meningitis in. Clinical strains of chryseobacterium and elizabethkingia. A case of healthcare associated pneumonia caused by.
Jones, rosemary albright, yolanda thomas, carlos h. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica free definitions by babylon. The genus flavobacterium was created in 1923 for a group of nonspore forming, aerobic gram negative rods, with the ability to produce yellow pigmented colonies. Main organism described as human pathogen in this class. King who isolated kingella kingae in 1960 was studying. Sentry program during the 5year period 1997 to 2001 revealed that chryseobacterium species constitute only 0. The genus flavobacterium was created in 1923 for a group of nonspore forming, aerobic gram negative rods, with the ability to produce yellow pigmented colonies 8. A chryseobacterium meningosepticum colonization outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is the most clinically important species of the genus chryseobacterium. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica chryseobacterium meningosepticum bacteraemia. Conversely, onehalf of the isolates from the respiratory tract were c. Atypical chryseobacterium meningosepticum and meningitis and.
Members the genus chryseobacterium are widely distributed microorganisms that can be recovered from a wide variety of environments, such as fresh water, sewage and wastewater, soil or food sources, such as milk, poultry and meat and dairy products. First case of elizabethkingia anophelis meningitis in the. Chryseobacterium indologenes sepsis due to an infected. Urinary tract infection by chryseobacterium indologenes. We present the clinical course of a 52yearold african male with a medical history of end stage renal disease esrd in hemodialysis with multiple episodes of. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a gram negative rod shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature e. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum sepsis complicated with. Sep 01, 2000 chryseobacterium meningosepticum, formerly known as flavobacterium meningosepticum and cdc iia, is a gramnegative rod widely distributed in nature. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, formerly known as flavobacterium meningosepticum or cdciia, is a nonfermentative, nonmotile, oxidasepositive gramnegative rod that is widely distributed in nature. A chryseobacterium meningosepticum colonization outbreak in a. The pathogen causes meningitis in premature and newborn infants and pneumonia, endocarditis, postoperative bacteremia, and meningitis usually associated with severe underlying illness in.
In addition, results of susceptibility testing vary when different. Incision and drainage was done and pus was sent for culture and sensitivity. Most infections have been detected in hospitalized patients with severe underlying diseases who had indwelling devices or implants. In hospital environments, they have been recovered from water systems and humid surfaces. It is ubiquitous and intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics. Chryseobacterium is a genus of gramnegative bacteria. Endocarditis due to chryseobacterium meningosepticum bomb k.
Chryseobacterium indologenes noncatheterrelated bacteremia. Jan 14, 2011 chryseobacterium indologenes is an uncommon human pathogen. Some species of chryseobacterium have been involved in human infections, acting as sporadic but severe opportunistic nosocomial pathogens. Most infections have been detected in hospitalized patients with severe underlying diseases who had indwelling devices implanted. Chryseobacteria are not a part of the human flora but are found in soil, plants, and foodstuffs. We report for the first time a case of community acquired chryseobacterium indologenes soft tissue infection in an immunocompetent patient.
Chryseobacterium species are chemoorganotrophic, rod shape gramnegative bacteria. Chryseobacterium indologenes, previously called flavobacterium, has been reported to cause hospitalacquired infections mostly in taiwan but rarely elsewhere. King used serological procedures for typing strains isolated in the epidemiological studies. Antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiology of a worldwide. Epidemiology of a worldwide collection of chryseobacterium. Infection is typically from an environmental source. Although chryseobacterium meningosepticum is the most pathogenic member of the genus, c. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a rare pathogen in cases of bacterial meningitis in adults and adolescents. Successful management of elizabethkingia meningoseptica meningitis with intraventricular vancomycin rajeev soman1, umang agrawal2, mitesh suthar3, ketan desai4, anjali shetty5 abstract elizabethkingia meningoseptica, formerly chryseobacterium meningosepticum usually causes neonatal meningitis and is a rare cause of nosocomial meningitis in adults. Limited data are available on chryseobacterium spp.
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum infection and cardiac. Pdf an adult case of chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Atypical chryseobacterium meningosepticum and meningitis. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum formerly known as flavobacterium meningosepticum or cdciia is a gramnegative rod widely. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus that is ubiquitously found in hospital environments, and it has been associated with various nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiology of a.
Although chryseobacterium meningosepticum is the most pathogenic of the genus, chryseobacterium indologenes c. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a ubiquitous gramnegative bacillus historically associated primarily with meningitis in neonates and a wide variety of infections. Clinical infection caused by c meningosepticum is very rare among healthy adults. Data from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program indicated that e. This pdf is available for free download from a site hosted by medknow publications. Chryseobacterium indologenes infection in a newborn. It is a wellknown agent of meningitis in premature and newborn infants. A limited range of antibiotic classes are available for treatment of chryseobacterium meningosepticum infections. Acute emergence of elizabethkingia meningoseptica infection among mechanically ventilated patients in a longterm acute care facility volume 31 issue 1 kingsley n. Fifty isolates 24 chryseobacterium meningosepticum, 20 chryseobacterium indologenes, two chryseobacterium gleum, and 4 chryseobacterium spp. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a ubiquitous gramnegative bacillus historically associated primarily with meningitis in neonates and a wide variety of. The genera chryseobacterium and elizabethkingia springerlink. It is known to cause meningitis in neonates and premature infants.
Unforeseeable presentation of chryseobacterium indologenes. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, formerly known as flavobacterium meningosepticum, has been reported to cause outbreaks of meningitis, primarily in premature newborns and infants in neonatal intensive care units icu. Chryseobacterium species is gramnegative bacillus widely distributed in soil and water. Elizabethkingia, chryseobacterium and myroides species. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, formerly chryseobacterium meningosepticum, is the most important pathogen, particularly in neonatal meningitis. The baby had a history of intubation and mechanical ventilation at birth due to asphyxia, after which she spent 2 days in hospital. Case reportendocarditis due to chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Nursing homeassociated infections and antibiotic resistant pathogens constitute common and serious problems in the geriatric population. Formerly flavobacterium indologenes, chryserobacterium indologenes is a yellow pigmented, gramnegative filamentous, nonmotile rod and can be found in soil, plants, foodstuffs and water sources including those found in hospitals 1234. Identification and virulence of chryseobacterium indologenes. Typically thought of as an organism of low virulence, it may cause serious infections, particularly among the immunocompromised. These 11 strains were found to cluster according to 16s rrna gene sequence similarity at a level of. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a gramnegative, rodshaped bacterium widely distributed in nature e. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica formerly flavobacterium meningosepticum and, during 19942005 chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a gramnegative nonfermenting obligate aerobe.
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